President Benigno Simeon Aquino III delivers his 2nd State of the Nation Address (SONA) during the joint Senate and House session of Congress at the Plenary Hall, House of Representatives Complex, Constitution Hills, Quezon City Monday July 25, 2011. In the photo are Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile and House Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. (Photo by: Robert Vinas/ Malacanang Photo Bureau).

Atty. Samson So Tan of Liceo de Cagayan University College of Law clarified that while interpretations vary on whether 16 votes or a lower threshold is required to convict Vice President Sara Duterte, the Supreme Court remains the ultimate authority on constitutional questions regarding the Senate’s impeachment procedures.

Tan noted that while some groups advocate for a lower voting threshold based on active, participating senator-judges, any departure from standard constitutional interpretation could trigger judicial review.